A cluster is defined as a geographic concentration(a city/town/few adjacent villages and their adjoining areas)of units producing near similar products and facing common opportunities and threats.An artisan cluster is defined as geographically concentrated (mostly in villages/townships)household units producing handicraft/handloom products.In a typical cluster, such producers often belong to a traditional community, producing the long-established products for generations.Indeed, many artisan clusters are centuries old Artisan.
About Shivpuri Cluster:-
Shivpuri Cluster falls under Madhya Pradesh State in Gwalior district.
The Shivpuri cluster is able to form 262 plus Artisans & 19 SHGs supporting the strong work force.The mobilisation gains momentum day by day.
Zari:-
Embroidery done with metallic threads is called kalabattu and forms the zari.The main zari production centres are Gwalior in Madhya Pradesh.Here the metal ingots are melted into metal bars called pasa from which lengths are got by beating it after treatment. This is then pulled through perforated steel plates to make it into wires, followed by the tarkashi process to make it thin with rubber and diamond dies.The last stage is called badla where the wire is flattened and twisted with silk or cotton thread to become kasab or kalabattu.This has uniform evenness, flexibility, softness, and ductility.Kasab can stand for real silver/gold, as well as for plated silver/gold or for an imitation in which a copper base is given a coat of silver or golden color to make the product less expensive.
Zari thread is used widely in weaving but more selectively in embroidery.For intricate patterns gijai or a thin, stiff wire is used; sitara, a small star-shaped metal piece is used for floral designs.This type of embroidery is called salma-sitara.The thicker kalabattu is a braided gold thread used for borders while the thinner variety is used at the end of the drawstring of purses or batwas, and in tassels, necklaces, and strings.Tikora is a gold thread spirally twisted for complicated designs.The dull zari thread is called kora and the more shiny one is called chikna.The equipment that is used for embroidery is a rectangular wooden-frame called karchob and a wooden leg called thapa used for sewing laces.Listed below are different kinds of zari work.
Zardozi: This is a heavy and more elaborate embroidery work which uses varieties of gold threads, spangles, beads, seed pearls, wire, and gota.It is used to embellish wedding outfits, heavy coats, cushions, curtains, canopies, animal trappings, bags, purses, belts, and shoes.The material on which this kind of embroidery is done is usually heavy silk, velvet and satin.The kind of stitches found are salma-sitara, gijai, badla, katori, and seed pearls, among others.The main centres are in Delhi, Jaipur, Banaras, Agra, and Surat.The old teach the young and the skill continues from generation to generation.Kamdani : This is a lighter needlework which is done on lighter material like scarves, veils, and caps.Ordinary thread is used and the wire is pressed down with the stitching producing a satin-stitch effect.The effect produced is glittering and is called hazara butti(thousand lights).
Mina Work : This is thus called owing to its resemblance with enamel work.The embroidery is done in gold.
Kataoki Bel : This is a border pattern made of stiff canvas and the whole surface is filled with sequin edging.A variation of this border technique is lace made on net and filled with zari stitches and spangles.
Makaish : This is one of the oldest styles and is done with silver wire or badla.The wire itself serves as a needle, piercing the material to complete the stitches.A variety of designs are produced in this manner.
Tilla or Marori Work : This is the kind of embroidery where gold thread is stitched on to the surface with a needle.
Gota Work: The woven gold border is cut into various shapes to create a variety of textures in the patterns.In Bhopal the border of the material or sari is cut into shapes of birds, animals, and human figures, attached to the cloth, and covered with wires of silver and gold; it is surrounded by coloured silks.The work resembles enameling.
Kinari Work: A small variation is kinari work where the embellishments are done only at the edges in the form of tassels.This is done mainly by men and women of the Muslim community.
Raw Materials:-
Basic Material: Silk, zari, cotton, polyester, jacquard loom; dori (thread; 80no./60 no., mercerized yarn(dhaga)30 no.
Decorative Material: Peacock feathers.
Coloring Material: Bukani (colour powder).
Process:-
A pattern of the design to be woven is drawn on paper.The design is transferred on the cotton yarn with the help of tilli through the warp and weft grid.This contrivance is known as jala, which contains the total graphic pattern.This jala is hung from top of the loom and tied to the warp threads only the controlled warp threads are lifted as per the design.Extra weft threads of zari/ silk are inserted in the raised portions, row by row, along with the running weft thread.Jala device has been replaced by the punched cardson; the jacquard looms for these brocade decorations.Gyasar the Tibetan woven offerings are very closely woven.Apart from the silk/zari thread peacock feathers are used in a satin weave to produce an entire surface of the feathers.The motifs are woven on dark red, yellow, blue and white satin ground with use of gold and silver zari.
Techniques:-
Applique-and-Cut technique:-
Normally, fine white stranded cotton is used for chikan embroidery.Some stitches are worked from the front of the fabric, others from the back.Sheila Paine, in the book Chikan Embroidery, observes that there are six basic stitches, which are used in combination with a series of stitches for embossing flowers and leaves.Pulled work(known in chikan work by the Hindi word jali, which means a window with a pierced lattice, which can be looked out of but not into)and khatao(an applique-and-cut technique, where one piece of fabric is hemmed on to another piece and then cut away) complete the repertoire.
How to reach:-
Gwalior airport is located 8 km from the main city center. Train is one of the most convenient options for traveling to Gwalior. It is well-connected to places like Agra (118km), Jaipur (350km), Delhi (321km),Bhopal (423km), Chanderi (239km), Indore (486km),Jhansi (101km), Khajuraho (275km), Ujjain (455km) and Shivpuri (114km) by road. You will easily get buses as well as taxis for reaching the city.
Jewellery:- Considering the exorbitant cost of gold, silver and allied precious stones, the fancy for jewellery made from bones and horns has gained popularity not just in parts of Uttar Pradesh but abroad too."Earlier, the demand was not this much but now we are having export orders and we are doing our level best to fulfill the demand of order," said Bhuvesh Kumar, an artist of bonejewellery. These indigenous craftsmen have inherited the skills of making varieties of bone items and accessories including jewellery from their ancestors. "People used to make combs of horns and bones before independence. From that time only, artists used to do the work of carving and legacy of this art have passed to generations," said, Rajeev Gupta, an exporter of bonejewellery, Murdabad. The bone bangles come in a wide rang of designs and a variety of colours to match the varied individual tastes and choices. Available in different colours, the bone jewellery maintains a demand among the college-goers in abroad.The jewellery is coloured in different hues and combinations which fascinates customers in foreign lands. "We have got handful benefits due to the wide range of our colourful jewellery made out of bones and horns of animals. Whatever kind of jewellery we make, we easily colour it in different shades. Different colour combinations attract international clients. They buy these jewelleries to match their dress," said Manoj, a bonejewellery maker. Raw Materials:- The basic raw materials use in making jewellery articles are- Basic Materials:- Items from shell, lac, conch shell, iron or copper bangles, silver brass, base metal, floral jewellery, silver, brass, gold, khar or navsagar, coal, wax, kerosene lamp, aluminum metals, wooden moulds, hammer, mallets, chisel, scrapper, scriber, wire scissors, iron & bronze dye colonial beads, coral pearls silk thread, beads, polish. Decorative Materials: - Glass beads, metal beads and black beads Colouring Materials: - Sodium sulphate, alum salt, sulphuric acid, colors, glue, varnish, enamel colors. Process:- The instant invention contemplates a process for manufacturing jewelry including the steps of: (a) Creating a photographic negative from a computer-generated image; (b) Masking the negative over a photopolymerizable resin backed by a rigid substrate; (c) Irradiating the unmasked resin with ultraviolet radiation; (d) Removing the unpolymerized resin from the photopolymer, using a washing agent such as water, resulting in a positive three-dimensional likeness ofthe object to be cast; (e) placing the resulting etched resin plate into a container and pouring tooling resin into the container thereby creating a plug bearing the negative impression of the jewelry item to be created; (f) inserting the tooling resin plug into a jewelry item mold having an empty sleeve which receives the plug resulting in a completed jewelry mold; (g) Filling the completed mold with plastic resulting in a plastic model of the jewelry item to be created; (h) Using the plastic model in a "lost wax" casting process to create an individual jewelry item. Techniques:- Reticulation is a process by which metal is made to draw itself into ridges and valleys, creating a unique texture. Sterling silver or reticulation silver is heated many times to just below its melting point, then finally more heat is applied which causes the fine silver on the surface to move and twist. Fusingin this process silver or gold are joined together with heat by allowing touching surfaces to melt and therefore fuse. No solder is used. Mokume-gane In Japanese, mokume-gane means wood grain metal. Alternating layers of sterling silver and copper or sterling silver and 22ct gold are bonded together. Patterns are produced by bumping up or gouging the surface and then filed to reveal the pattern. The random pattern layers have a solid stg silver backing. No two pieces are ever exactly alike Titanium Colour on titanium can be produced by an oxide layer that forms when the metal is anodised at a specific voltage level. These layers refract light differently - an effect that reaches the eyes in a rainbow of colours. It is a richly colourful form of patination. Shibuichi this is an alloy consisting of fine silver and copper. The first known use of this alloy was during the Han Dynasty in China. Koru this designs is inspired by the traditional Maori symbol of growth and life. It depicts a young fern. It represents peace, harmony and new beginnings. Textile ( Hand Embroidery):- The term embroidery is basically defined as the method of ornamenting a piece of clothing with needlework;or embellishment with fanciful details.Thus embroidery is regarded as the art of decorating textiles using a needle and thread.Embroidery of Gujarat has earned its fame because of the versatility of creations by the artisans.The artisans of Gujarat use an array of stitches that are used to decorate the items.The most important centres of embroidery work of Gujarat are located in the Sarasota and Kutch regions and are admired for the creative excellence.The embroidery of Gujarat is one of the main sources of income for different other communities.Today, even though embroidery is amongst the most traditional methods of decorating clothes, it is still as popular.Designs may date back to ancient times, or the modern geometric modern day designs, but all the same embroidery continues to be one of the common ways of decorating clothes.In fact, specialists feel that today,there is much more scope for creativity and innovation, because of the acceptance level.Ari embroidery of Gujarat has its international market in Nigeria where women drape themselves(during ceremonial occasions)in the embroidered cloth from this region. This has ornamentation of tikris and beads, which make them, look attractive.This type of embroidery is done on a frame of wooden beams.The fabric is worked upon with a long needle, threads, tikris and beads.Multi sized frames are used,usually about 1.5 feet high, to secure the cloth on which the design is sketched with a stencil.One hand secures the thread under the cloth to the needle while the other hand moves the needle on top of the cloth with ease.Decorative tikris and beads are attached to the cloth with the needle. This has ornamentation of tikris and beads, which make them, look attractive.This type of embroidery is done on a frame of wooden beams.The fabric is worked upon with a long needle, threads, tikris and beads.Multi sized frames are used,usually about 1.5 feet high, to secure the cloth on which the design is sketched with a stencil.One hand secures the thread under the cloth to the needle while the other hand moves the needle on top of the cloth with ease.Decorative tikris and beads are attached to the cloth with the needle. Another embroidery pattern is the jaali or net embroidery in geometric or floral shapes and is done by pulling the warp and weft threads and fixing them with minute buttonhole stitches.The finished products dominantly comprise items for household use like curtains, bedspreads, furniture covers and dress material. Raw Materials used:- The fabric is worked upon with a long needle,threads, tikris and beads.Multi sized frames are used, usually about 1.5 feet high, to secure the cloth on which the design is sketched with a stencil.One hand secures the thread under the cloth to the needle while the other hand moves the needle on top of the cloth with ease. Process:- As embroidery is not so technical craft to follow procedure but then also small process like: The motif is made on the tracing screen for symmetrical marking and uniformity, like the Khaka. The motifs are marked on the fabric with a marking mixer(liquid) for embroidery work. Now set the marked fabric very tight from all directions.(Saree, Dress materials, etc.)On Wooden frame(it can be done without frame also). It will work easier to do embroidery with the help of frame to reduce tension and get pucker less product. The desired motif is neatly embroidered with different stitches(Pakko, Kachho, Soof, Rabari, kharek etc)to achieve desired motif. The result can be many colors and is easy to make. Set the fabric(Saree, Dress, material,etc.)on Wooden frame(it can be done without frame also)according to the design with desired allowance for the product.The motif is made the tracing screen for symmetrical making and uniformity, like the Khaka.The motif is marked with a marking mixer in a liquid form(Kerosene and gali powder) whether for embroidery the desired motif is neatly embroidery with different stitches to achieve desired motif. Embroidery designs are prepared by fixing small round shaped mirrors to the material with the help of the buttonhole stitch, the outline being sketched by hand.Silken thread is used for the stitching done in stem or herringbone, closely worked.Flowers and creepers are patterned against a dark background. Techniques:- Techniques vary with the community and region.The term embroidery is basically defined as the method of ornamenting a piece of clothing with needlework; or embellishment with fanciful details.Thus embroidery is regarded as the art of decorating textiles using a needle and thread.This includes the hand and machine embroidery methods.And till date,hand embroidery continues to be an expensive and time-consuming method.However, in spite of this it is preferred because of the intricacy of the handiwork involved. The basic techniques an embroiderer uses includes:- Cross stitch Crewel work Quilting
Jewellery:-
Considering the exorbitant cost of gold, silver and allied precious stones, the fancy for jewellery made from bones and horns has gained popularity not just in parts of Uttar Pradesh but abroad too."Earlier, the demand was not this much but now we are having export orders and we are doing our level best to fulfill the demand of order," said Bhuvesh Kumar, an artist of bonejewellery. These indigenous craftsmen have inherited the skills of making varieties of bone items and accessories including jewellery from their ancestors.
"People used to make combs of horns and bones before independence. From that time only, artists used to do the work of carving and legacy of this art have passed to generations," said, Rajeev Gupta, an exporter of bonejewellery, Murdabad. The bone bangles come in a wide rang of designs and a variety of colours to match the varied individual tastes and choices.
Available in different colours, the bone jewellery maintains a demand among the college-goers in abroad.The jewellery is coloured in different hues and combinations which fascinates customers in foreign lands. "We have got handful benefits due to the wide range of our colourful jewellery made out of bones and horns of animals. Whatever kind of jewellery we make, we easily colour it in different shades. Different colour combinations attract international clients. They buy these jewelleries to match their dress," said Manoj, a bonejewellery maker.
The basic raw materials use in making jewellery articles are-
Basic Materials:- Items from shell, lac, conch shell, iron or copper bangles, silver brass, base metal, floral jewellery, silver, brass, gold, khar or navsagar, coal, wax, kerosene lamp, aluminum metals, wooden moulds, hammer, mallets, chisel, scrapper, scriber, wire scissors, iron & bronze dye colonial beads, coral pearls silk thread, beads, polish.
Decorative Materials: - Glass beads, metal beads and black beads
Colouring Materials: - Sodium sulphate, alum salt, sulphuric acid, colors, glue, varnish, enamel colors.
The instant invention contemplates a process for manufacturing jewelry including the steps of:
(a) Creating a photographic negative from a computer-generated image;
(b) Masking the negative over a photopolymerizable resin backed by a rigid substrate;
(c) Irradiating the unmasked resin with ultraviolet radiation;
(d) Removing the unpolymerized resin from the photopolymer, using a washing agent such as water, resulting in a positive three-dimensional likeness ofthe object to be cast;
(e) placing the resulting etched resin plate into a container and pouring tooling resin into the container thereby creating a plug bearing the negative impression of the jewelry item to be created;
(f) inserting the tooling resin plug into a jewelry item mold having an empty sleeve which receives the plug resulting in a completed jewelry mold;
(g) Filling the completed mold with plastic resulting in a plastic model of the jewelry item to be created;
(h) Using the plastic model in a "lost wax" casting process to create an individual jewelry item.
Reticulation is a process by which metal is made to draw itself into ridges and valleys, creating a unique texture. Sterling silver or reticulation silver is heated many times to just below its melting point, then finally more heat is applied which causes the fine silver on the surface to move and twist. Fusingin this process silver or gold are joined together with heat by allowing touching surfaces to melt and therefore fuse. No solder is used. Mokume-gane In Japanese, mokume-gane means wood grain metal. Alternating layers of sterling silver and copper or sterling silver and 22ct gold are bonded together. Patterns are produced by bumping up or gouging the surface and then filed to reveal the pattern. The random pattern layers have a solid stg silver backing. No two pieces are ever exactly alike Titanium Colour on titanium can be produced by an oxide layer that forms when the metal is anodised at a specific voltage level. These layers refract light differently - an effect that reaches the eyes in a rainbow of colours. It is a richly colourful form of patination. Shibuichi this is an alloy consisting of fine silver and copper. The first known use of this alloy was during the Han Dynasty in China. Koru this designs is inspired by the traditional Maori symbol of growth and life. It depicts a young fern. It represents peace, harmony and new beginnings.
Textile ( Hand Embroidery):- The term embroidery is basically defined as the method of ornamenting a piece of clothing with needlework;or embellishment with fanciful details.Thus embroidery is regarded as the art of decorating textiles using a needle and thread.Embroidery of Gujarat has earned its fame because of the versatility of creations by the artisans.The artisans of Gujarat use an array of stitches that are used to decorate the items.The most important centres of embroidery work of Gujarat are located in the Sarasota and Kutch regions and are admired for the creative excellence.The embroidery of Gujarat is one of the main sources of income for different other communities.Today, even though embroidery is amongst the most traditional methods of decorating clothes, it is still as popular.Designs may date back to ancient times, or the modern geometric modern day designs, but all the same embroidery continues to be one of the common ways of decorating clothes.In fact, specialists feel that today,there is much more scope for creativity and innovation, because of the acceptance level.Ari embroidery of Gujarat has its international market in Nigeria where women drape themselves(during ceremonial occasions)in the embroidered cloth from this region. This has ornamentation of tikris and beads, which make them, look attractive.This type of embroidery is done on a frame of wooden beams.The fabric is worked upon with a long needle, threads, tikris and beads.Multi sized frames are used,usually about 1.5 feet high, to secure the cloth on which the design is sketched with a stencil.One hand secures the thread under the cloth to the needle while the other hand moves the needle on top of the cloth with ease.Decorative tikris and beads are attached to the cloth with the needle. This has ornamentation of tikris and beads, which make them, look attractive.This type of embroidery is done on a frame of wooden beams.The fabric is worked upon with a long needle, threads, tikris and beads.Multi sized frames are used,usually about 1.5 feet high, to secure the cloth on which the design is sketched with a stencil.One hand secures the thread under the cloth to the needle while the other hand moves the needle on top of the cloth with ease.Decorative tikris and beads are attached to the cloth with the needle. Another embroidery pattern is the jaali or net embroidery in geometric or floral shapes and is done by pulling the warp and weft threads and fixing them with minute buttonhole stitches.The finished products dominantly comprise items for household use like curtains, bedspreads, furniture covers and dress material. Raw Materials used:- The fabric is worked upon with a long needle,threads, tikris and beads.Multi sized frames are used, usually about 1.5 feet high, to secure the cloth on which the design is sketched with a stencil.One hand secures the thread under the cloth to the needle while the other hand moves the needle on top of the cloth with ease. Process:- As embroidery is not so technical craft to follow procedure but then also small process like: The motif is made on the tracing screen for symmetrical marking and uniformity, like the Khaka. The motifs are marked on the fabric with a marking mixer(liquid) for embroidery work. Now set the marked fabric very tight from all directions.(Saree, Dress materials, etc.)On Wooden frame(it can be done without frame also). It will work easier to do embroidery with the help of frame to reduce tension and get pucker less product. The desired motif is neatly embroidered with different stitches(Pakko, Kachho, Soof, Rabari, kharek etc)to achieve desired motif. The result can be many colors and is easy to make. Set the fabric(Saree, Dress, material,etc.)on Wooden frame(it can be done without frame also)according to the design with desired allowance for the product.The motif is made the tracing screen for symmetrical making and uniformity, like the Khaka.The motif is marked with a marking mixer in a liquid form(Kerosene and gali powder) whether for embroidery the desired motif is neatly embroidery with different stitches to achieve desired motif. Embroidery designs are prepared by fixing small round shaped mirrors to the material with the help of the buttonhole stitch, the outline being sketched by hand.Silken thread is used for the stitching done in stem or herringbone, closely worked.Flowers and creepers are patterned against a dark background. Techniques:- Techniques vary with the community and region.The term embroidery is basically defined as the method of ornamenting a piece of clothing with needlework; or embellishment with fanciful details.Thus embroidery is regarded as the art of decorating textiles using a needle and thread.This includes the hand and machine embroidery methods.And till date,hand embroidery continues to be an expensive and time-consuming method.However, in spite of this it is preferred because of the intricacy of the handiwork involved. The basic techniques an embroiderer uses includes:- Cross stitch Crewel work Quilting
Textile ( Hand Embroidery):-
The term embroidery is basically defined as the method of ornamenting a piece of clothing with needlework;or embellishment with fanciful details.Thus embroidery is regarded as the art of decorating textiles using a needle and thread.Embroidery of Gujarat has earned its fame because of the versatility of creations by the artisans.The artisans of Gujarat use an array of stitches that are used to decorate the items.The most important centres of embroidery work of Gujarat are located in the Sarasota and Kutch regions and are admired for the creative excellence.The embroidery of Gujarat is one of the main sources of income for different other communities.Today, even though embroidery is amongst the most traditional methods of decorating clothes, it is still as popular.Designs may date back to ancient times, or the modern geometric modern day designs, but all the same embroidery continues to be one of the common ways of decorating clothes.In fact, specialists feel that today,there is much more scope for creativity and innovation, because of the acceptance level.Ari embroidery of Gujarat has its international market in Nigeria where women drape themselves(during ceremonial occasions)in the embroidered cloth from this region. This has ornamentation of tikris and beads, which make them, look attractive.This type of embroidery is done on a frame of wooden beams.The fabric is
worked upon with a long needle, threads, tikris and beads.Multi sized frames are used,usually about 1.5 feet high, to secure the cloth on which the design is sketched with a stencil.One hand secures the thread under the cloth to the needle while the other hand moves the needle on top of the cloth with ease.Decorative tikris and beads are attached to the cloth with the needle.
This has ornamentation of tikris and beads, which make them, look attractive.This type of embroidery is done on a frame of wooden beams.The fabric is worked upon with a long needle, threads, tikris and beads.Multi sized frames are used,usually about 1.5 feet high, to secure the cloth on which the design is sketched with a stencil.One hand secures the thread under the cloth to the needle while the other hand moves the needle on top of the cloth with ease.Decorative tikris and beads are attached to the cloth with the needle.
Another embroidery pattern is the jaali or net embroidery in geometric or floral shapes and is done by pulling the warp and weft threads and fixing them with minute buttonhole stitches.The finished products dominantly comprise items for household use like curtains, bedspreads, furniture covers and dress material.
Raw Materials used:-
The fabric is worked upon with a long needle,threads, tikris and beads.Multi sized frames are used, usually about 1.5 feet high, to secure the cloth on which the design is sketched with a stencil.One hand secures the thread under the cloth to the needle while the other hand moves the needle on top of the cloth with ease.
As embroidery is not so technical craft to follow procedure but then also small process like:
Set the fabric(Saree, Dress, material,etc.)on Wooden frame(it can be done without frame also)according to the design with desired allowance for the product.The motif is made the tracing screen for symmetrical making and uniformity, like the Khaka.The motif is marked with a marking mixer in a liquid form(Kerosene and gali powder) whether for embroidery the desired motif is neatly embroidery with different stitches to achieve desired motif.
Embroidery designs are prepared by fixing small round shaped mirrors to the material with the help of the buttonhole stitch, the outline being sketched by hand.Silken thread is used for the stitching done in stem or herringbone, closely worked.Flowers and creepers are patterned against a dark background.
Techniques vary with the community and region.The term embroidery is basically defined as the method of ornamenting a piece of clothing with needlework; or embellishment with fanciful details.Thus embroidery is regarded as the art of decorating textiles using a needle and thread.This includes the hand and machine embroidery methods.And till date,hand embroidery continues to be an expensive and time-consuming method.However, in spite of this it is preferred because of the intricacy of the handiwork involved.
The basic techniques an embroiderer uses includes:-